Poznyakov V. P., Reshetko S. A. Social and Psychological Research on Tobacco Smoking: A Review Article

(The Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow University for the Humanities),
(The Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences)

Abstract ♦ The article presents a theoretical overview of the socio-psychological research of smoking as a problem at the micro-social and personal levels, focusing on the impact of immediate social environment, as well as individual psychological characteristics of a man who starts or quits smoking.

Such researchers as V. V. Bartsalkina, N. Darling, P. Cumsille name family a leading factor in initiation or rejection of smoking. Family characteristics such as active involvement of parents in the lives of their children, a high level of parental control are determined by foreign researchers (N. Darling, P. Cumsille, K. G. Hill) as significant for the child’s attitudes to smoking. On the other hand, disturbed family relations can help children pick up the bad habit (A. Ya. Varga, B. G. Simons-Morton, T. Farhat).

Foreign researchers (C. Anderson, S. T. Ennett, K. E. Bauman, W. Hansen) pay special attention to social norms of the educational institution the child attends, and his/her relationships with peers. Such scholars as M. Nichter, N. Vuckovic, B. B. Borsari, K. B. Carey, S. T. Ennett, K. E. Bauman associated starting smoking with the desire to be popular among peers.

Psychologists such as K. Kobus, K. A. Urberg, S. M. Degirmencioglu, C. Pilgrim noted the correlation between the smoking commencement and the presence of a smoking friend among adolescent boys, but this trend is not observed in girls.

On the personality level of research into smoking, such authors as M. G. Gitinova, E. I. Dubrovinskaya emphasize that adolescent smokers have inadequate self-esteem, which may be associated with self-doubt; the value of a healthy lifestyle stands high in the hierarchy of life values among non-smoking youth.

The concept of psychological relations among individual and collective subjects (A. L. Zhuravlev, V. P. Poznyakov) addressed the differences between the components of psychological attitudes to smoking. Comparative analysis (V. P. Poznyakov, V. L. Khromova) of smokers and non-smokers has shown that non-smokers tend to exaggerate the harm of smoking to health. Comparative analysis of male and female smokers revealed a more marked trend towards gender discrimination among men.

Keywords: social psychology, smoking, smoking cessation, psychological relations, family influence, peer influence, regulations of educational institution, individual characteristics  

Poznyakov Vladimir Petrovich - Doctor of Psychology, Leading research fellow, Laboratory of social and economic psychology, Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Professor, Department of Social and Ethnic Psychology, Moscow University for the Humanities; Corresponding member, International Academy of Psychological Science (IAPS). Postal address: 13 Yaroslavskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federationб 129366. Tel./fax: +7 (495) 682-72-70; +7 (499) 374-56-11. E-mail: pozn_v@mail.ru

Reshetko Svetlana Albertovna - Postgraduate student, Laboratory of Social and Economic Psychology, Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Postal address: 13 Yaroslavskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 129366. Tel./fax: +7 (495) 682-72-70. E-mail: swetlana.reshetko@yandex.ru. Research adviser: V. P. Poznyakov, Doctor of Psychology, Professor

Citation: Poznyakov, V. P. and Reshetko, S. A. (2015) Analiz sotsial'no-psikhologicheskikh issledovanii po probleme tabakokurenia [Social and psychological research on tobacco smoking: A review article]. Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie, no. 1, pp. 236–243. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17805/zpu.2015.1.22 

Submission date: 10.12.2014.

RUSSIAN VERSION

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